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Utilization of Organic Waste

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BioconversionThrough bioconversion , organic waste such as feces , domestic waste and agricultural waste can be converted into bioenergy . Bioenergy is a complex gas consisting of methane , carbon dioxide , acid sulfide , and other gases . This involves the bioconversion of organic waste fermentation process . Bioconversion process like this is also known as Digestive Anaerob.Proses bioconversion process naturally happens in nature , ie, the formation of marsh gas or as a by-product of the digestion of animals , especially ruminant animals . Swamp gas actually a methane gas formed from organic materials through the decomposition of crop plants by bacteria . Furthermore , the gas released from the swamp and under certain conditions can ignite spontaneously . This gas is an important fuel economy that can be used as a substitute for fuel oil , but because the plants are decomposed naturally limited in number , it is necessary to find raw materials and technology replacement .Gas formation in ruminants occurs in the stomach and held in conjunction with the process of digestion . In the stomach , berselulosa materials from grasses or other materials into ruminant diet with the addition of water is converted into organic acids . Organic acids is further decomposed anaerobically into methane and carbon dioxide gas . It is estimated that about 75 tons of methane a surprise issued by ruminants annually .The process of anaerobic methane -making involves a complex interaction of a number of different bacteria , protozoa and fungi . Some of the bacteria involved are Bacteroides , Clostridium butyrinum , Escericia coli and some other intestinal bacteria , Methanobacterium , and Methanobacillus . Last two bacteria are the main bacteria and methane -producing anaerobic life . The process of making methane is divided into three stages , namely :1 . The enzymatic hydrolysis , organic materials do not dissolve into organic materials can be dissolved . The main enzymes involved are disjoint cellulase cellulose .2 . Changes in organic materials can dissolve into organic acids . The formation of organic acids is the case with the help of non methanogenik bacteria , protozoa and fungi .3 . Changes in organic acids into methane and carbon dioxide . The process of these changes can occur because of the help of methanogenic bacteria ( Methanobacterium and Methanobacillus ) .Overall reaction to changes in organic matter into methane and carbon dioxide can be written by the following equation :( C6 H10 O5 ) n + n  H2O ------ 3n 3n CO2 + CH4The above equation applies when the substrate is cellulose . For the substrate in the form of complex organic compounds , such as lignin and tannins and other compounds Aromatic Polymer , not through the formation of methane reaction as above . Substrate in the form of a more simple aromatic compounds through aerobic activity of extracellular enzymes produced by a number of microorganisms . Simple aromatic compounds is generally Benzenoid . Furthermore , the benzenoid compounds through bacterial activity metaorganik , such as Methanobacterium formicum and Methanospirilum hungati , seca anaerobic converted into methane and carbon dioxide gas . This occurs through a process of change reaction stages as follows :4 C6H5 COOH + 24 H 2 O  12 ------ HCOOH CH3COOH + 4 + 8 H2 CH3COOH ------ 12 12 12 CH4 + CO24 COOH ------  4 CO2 + H23 CO2 + H2 ------ 12  3 CH4 + 6 H2OIn brief, the overall reaction above can be simplified to :4 C6H5 COOH + 18 H 2 O ------ 15  CH4 + CO2

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